Abstract
An overview of all the studies on high-pressure intrusion—extrusion of LiCl aqueous solutions in hydrophobic pure silica zeolites (zeosils) for absorption and storage of mechanical energy is presented. Operational principles of heterogeneous lyophobic systems and their possible applications in the domains of mechanical energy storage, absorption, and generation are described. The intrusion of LiCl aqueous solutions instead of water allows to considerably increase energetic performance of zeosil-based systems by a strong rise of intrusion pressure. The intrusion pressure increases with the salt concentration and depends considerably on zeosil framework. In the case of channel-type zeosils, it rises with the decrease of pore opening diameter, whereas for cage-type ones, no clear trend is observed. A relative increase of intrusion pressure in comparison with water is particularly strong for the zeosils with narrow pore openings. The use of highly concentrated LiCl aqueous solutions instead of water can lead to a change of system behavior. This effect seems to be related to a lower formation of silanol defects under intrusion of solvated ions and a weaker interaction of the ions with silanol groups of zeosil framework. The influence of zeosil nanostructure on LiCl aqueous solutions intrusion–extrusion is also discussed.
Highlights
The case of LiCl electrolyte aqueous solutions is interesting because of very high solubility of this salt that makes it possible to achieve a very high molar concentration with a very low H2 O/salt molar ratio (2.8). Due to these reasons and to a strong effect on intrusion pressure, the intrusion of LiCl aqueous solutions was studied for different zeosils with various framework types [29,44,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55], whereas the aqueous solutions of other salts are quite poorly studied at the moment
We focus only on the intrusion—extrusion of LiCl aqueous solutions in zeosils and present an overview of all the results reported in order to discuss the main relationships between zeolite structure and energetic performance of corresponding Heterogeneous lyophobic systems (HLSs)
In order to introduce an overview of high-pressure intrusion of LiCl aqueous solutions, we describe briefly the main results of intrusion–extrusion experiments for “zeosil–water” systems
Summary
An efficient energy transformation and storage is one of the main technological challenges of the world. Heterogeneous lyophobic systems (HLSs), i.e., systems composed by a nanoporous solid and a nonwetting liquid, have attracted much attention as promising candidates for innovative mechanical energy storage and dissipation devices [1,2]. In these systems, mechanical energy (i.e., an external pressure) is required to force the intrusion of a non-wetting liquid into the pores of material. In the case of materials, during the intrusion, the bulk is transformed molecular chains and clusters inside microporous materials, during the intrusion, the bulk liquid is transformed to molecular chains and the pores Such a process can be described as capillary evaporation.
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