Energetic ionic salts based on nitrogen-rich heterocycles: A prospective study

Abstract

New energetic salts may be synthesized via the quarternization of azido or nitro derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole, and substituted derivatives of tetrazole with nitric acid or perchloric acid or iodomethane followed by metathesis reaction with AgNO 3 or AgClO 4 have been suggested in the literature for synthesis of new energetic ionic salts. The present review focuses briefly on the synthesis aspects and some of the physico-chemical properties of energetic materials of the class have been investigated. The structures of prospective energetic ionic salts include (a) 1-(2-azidoethyl)-1,2,4-triazolium-5-nitrotetrazolate, (b) 1-(2-azidoethyl)-3-azido-1,2,4-triazolium 5-nitrotetrazolate, (c) 1-(2-azidoethyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium perchlorate, 1-(2-azidoethyl)-1,2,4-triazole and so on. These compounds may find a wide spectrum of futuristic applications in the area of energetic materials. The salts exhibit good thermal stabilities, low vapour pressure, high heat of formation and high densities. Constant volume combustion energies may be determined experimentally using oxygen bomb calorimeter, DSC, 1H and 13C NMR. The standard molar enthalpies of formation will be derived from designed Hess thermochemical cycles.