Abstract
An analysis of the direct and indirect use of fossil fuel energy in three systems of egg production (battery cages, straw yards, and free range) showed no difference in the use of energy between systems. Values of the energy ratio, equal to the quotient of the edible energy output and the fossil fuel energy input, were approximately .16. Each kilogram of edible protein required a fossil fuel energy input of approximately 370 MJ. Efficiency of fossil fuel usage was unaffected by the level of egg production.
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