Energetic Descriptors of Steric Hindrance in Real Space: An Improved IQA Picture*.

Abstract

Steric hindrance (SH) plays a central role in the modern chemical narrative, lying at the core of chemical intuition. As it however happens with many successful chemical concepts, SH lacks an underlying physically sound root, and multiple mutually inconsistent approximations have been devised to relate this fuzzy concept to computationally derivable descriptors. We here argue that being SH related to spatial as well as energetic features of interacting systems, SH can be properly handled if we chose a real space energetic stance like the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) approach. Drawing on previous work by Popelier and coworkers (ChemistryOpen 8, 560, 2019) we build an energetic estimator of SH, referred to as EST . We show that the rise in the self-energy of a fragment that accompanies steric congestion is a faithful proxy for the chemist's SH concept if we remove the effect of charge transfer. This can be done rigorously, and the EST here defined provides correct sterics even for hydrogen atoms, where the plain use of deformation energies leads to non-chemical results. The applicability of EST is validated in several chemical scenarios, going from atomic compressions to archetypal SN2 reactions. EST is shown to be a robust steric hindrance descriptor.