Abstract
The ultra-low temperature district heating and cooling (ULTDHC) systems are among the most interesting solutions for the decarbonisation of heating and cooling sectors. It is a technology where different optimised integrations and operations are still under development. The booster heat pumps (BHPs) or substations associated with this new generation take on a more critical role because the energy supplied by the main network is not enough for covering the user's requirements. Reviewing the literature, it has been seen necessary to make a short and long-term energetic and economic analysis of BHPs operation (considering heating, cooling and SHW requirements) under variable ULTDHC conditions. On this line, this work focuses on the analysis of the operation of two of the most promising BHP types: one with a single CO2 heat pump, type 1, and the other with two CO2 heat pumps with a decoupled operation, type 2. Both BHPs are connected to an ultra-low temperature District Heating and Cooling network with variable parameters throughout the year. The simulation is carried out in a representative building located in Toledo (Spain), in an area with considerable heating and cooling demands throughout the year. The objectives of the work are the following: analyse the daily and annual operations of the two BHPs types, study the effect of outdoor temperature on their optimal operation, point out their main parameter influence and variation and make an economic evaluation of these systems. The BHP type 2 investment is 8.3% more expensive than type 1 but the economic analysis shows an annual saving in heating and cooling operation of the building of 7.7% for BHP type 2 regarding type 1. The size of the BHP, total demand and buildings supplied affects the profitability of the BHP type. For this analysis, type 2 shows more profitable than type 1 when the annual heating demand is greater than a certain threshold.
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