Endurance Training Counteracts the High-Fat Diet-Induced Profiling Changes of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Skeletal Muscle of Middle-Aged Rats.

Tai-Yang Liu,Xiao-Yang Xu,Zhen-Mao Lin,Rui Duan,Ding-Guo Ruan,Ting Li,Kou Wang

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00971

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate the effects of endurance training on the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their distribution among lipid classes in skeletal muscle in middle aged, high-fat diet fed rats.MethodThirty 10-month old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to four groups. Two groups of rats remained sedentary and were fed chow diet (C group), or high-fat diet (H group), respectively. The other two groups of rats were subjected to endurance training while maintaining their chow diet (EC group), or high-fat diet (EH group). After 16 weeks endurance training and/or diet intervention, the content of ω-3 PUFAs and ω-3 PUFA-containing lipids in rat soleus muscle were analyzed by lipidomics.ResultsRats fed a high-fat diet exhibited decreased overall amount of ω-3 PUFAs in soleus muscle, while endurance training preserved the total amount of ω-3 PUFAs. Both the endurance training and high-fat diet alone changed the profiles of ω-3 PUFAs in different lipid classes. Specifically, the amount of triacylglycerol (TG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) containing ω-3 PUFAs in soleus muscle was increased by endurance training, but the amount of lysophosphatidylenthanol (LPE), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) was decreased. The high-fat diet induced a decrease of ω-3 PUFAs in TG, LPE, LPS, CL, platelet activating factor (PAF), PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), and an increase in LPC, LPI, PA, and PG. In addition, the effects of the endurance training on ω-3 PUFAs in skeletal muscle was also evident in high-fat diets fed rats, which counteracts the profiling changes caused by high-fat diet feeding.ConclusionThe beneficial effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle may be achieved to some extent through recovering the content of ω-3 PUFAs that has been decreased by high-fat diet feeding.

Highlights

The detected members of lipid family in the organisms have exceed 180,000 different species (Dehairs et al, 2015)
The results showed that the amount of EPA in skeletal muscle was significantly decreased by high-fat diet feeding (p < 0.001), but no significant effect of endurance training had been observed (Figure 4)
The present study reported the detailed changes of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-3 PUFA-containing lipids with a 16-week endurance training and/or high-fat diet feeding in skeletal muscle of middleaged rats

Summary

Introduction

The detected members of lipid family in the organisms have exceed 180,000 different species (Dehairs et al, 2015). Researchers found that not all higher DG and ceramide levels result in IR, indicating that fatty acid composition of the accumulated lipids (lipid species) may be an important factor for high-fat diet-induced low insulin sensitivity and subsequent metabolic syndromes (Kitessa and Abeywardena, 2016). Individual fatty acids play roles in tissue metabolism and signal transduction, such as the fatty acid composition of GPs ( ω-3 PUFAs) and insulin signaling (Borkman et al, 1993; JuárezLópez et al, 2013) Despite of these studies, how endurance training or high-fat diet feeding affects the overall profiles of ω-3 PUFAs in skeletal muscle, and the interactive effects of high-fat diet feeding and endurance training on ω-3 PUFAs remain undetermined. In this report we extend these studies to investigate the individual and interactive effects of endurance training and high-fat diet on the contents and distribution of ω-3 PUFAs in rats skeletal muscle, which may provide novel insights into the mechanism of enhanced insulin sensitivity with endurance training

Methods

Results

Conclusion