Abstract
There is a substantial global market for orthopedic implants, but these implants still face the problem of a high failure rate in the short and long term after implantation due to the complex physiological conditions in the body. The use of multifunctional coatings on orthopedic implants has been proposed as an effective way to overcome a range of difficulties. Here, a multifunctional (TA@HA/Lys)n coating composed of tannic acid (TA), hydroxyapatite (HA), and lysozyme (Lys) was fabricated in a layer-by-layer (LBL) manner, where TA deposited onto HA firmly stuck Lys and HA together. The deposition of TA onto HA, the growth of (TA@HA/Lys)n, and multiple related biofunctionalities were thoroughly investigated. Our data demonstrated that such a hybrid coating displayed antibacterial and antioxidant effects, and also facilitated the rapid attachment of cells [both mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)] in the early stage and their proliferation over a long period. This accelerated osteogenesis in vitro and promoted bone formation in vivo. We believe that our findings and the developed strategy here could pave the way for multifunctional coatings not only on orthopedic implants, but also for additional applications in catalysts, sensors, tissue engineering, etc.
Highlights
The global sale of orthopedic implants was about $36.5 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach $47.1 billion in 2024, as forecasted by Evaluate Med
Our findings demonstrated that this composite film displayed strong antioxidant and antibacterial profiles, rapid attachment of cells [both mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)] in the early stage and their proliferation over a long period, enhanced osteogenesis of DPSCs and bone cells in vitro, and boosted bone regeneration and osseointegration in vivo
Typical x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) spectra of HA, tannic acid (TA), and TA onto HA (TA@HA) are displayed in Figure 1A, where no significant difference was observed between HA and TA@HA at a first glance because all peaks of O1s (532 V), C1s (285 eV), Ca2p (347 eV), and P2p (133 eV) were detected
Summary
The global sale of orthopedic implants was about $36.5 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach $47.1 billion in 2024, as forecasted by Evaluate Med. Aseptic loosening originating from the generation of wear particles and micromotion of the implant, leading to chronic inflammation and poor osseointegration (Sundfeldt et al, 2006), as well as the infection caused by microbes and/or bacteria during and/or after surgery, are the two major factors associated with implant failure (Campoccia et al, 2006). To address these issues, dual-function implants with enhanced osseointegration and strong antibacterial abilities have been proposed and extensively explored in recent years (Min et al, 2016; Raphel et al, 2016). There is an urgent need to resolve issues such as antibiotic resistance caused by the misuse of antibiotics (Stewart and William Costerton, 2001), cellular toxicity induced by inorganic particles (Soenen et al, 2011), and the deficiency of attached bioactive molecules due to low density and/or deactivation in order for the process of clinical translation to progress
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