Endovascular Treatment of External Iliac Artery Stenoses for Claudication with Systematic Stenting

Abstract

The results of the endovascular treatment of external iliac artery lesions in patients with claudication are not well known. In the literature, very often, the studied populations are not homogenous (people with claudication and with acute ischemia) and the external iliac artery is not differentiated from the primary iliac artery. Moreover, systematic stenting is still debated. Our goal was to study the results of systematic stenting for atheromatous lesions of the external iliac artery in a consecutive and homogenous population of patients with claudication. From June 2000 to December 2006, 90 external iliac arteries were treated with systematic stenting for atheromatous lesions in 81 consecutive patients with claudication (74 men and 7 women, aged 62+/-12 years). Lesions were classified according to the Trans-Atlantic Intersociety Consensus (TASC). Endovascular treatment was systematically chosen for TASC A (n=40) and B (n=30) patients and patients at high surgical risk for TASC C (n=18) and D (n=2). One hundred and seven stents were placed; they were 37+/-21 mm long with a 7+/-0.6mm diameter. Clinical examination and duplex follow-up were carried out at a minimum of 3 months and at the end of the follow-up. There was a 2.2% complication rate, without any deaths (retroperitoneal hematoma). Mean follow-up was 23 months (with a 13-month median). Primary patency rate was 97% (standard error [SE] 2%) at 1 year, 90% (SE 4.6%) at 2 years, and 84% (SE 6.6%) at 3 years. Secondary patency rate was 98% (SE 1.5%) at 1 year, 93% (SE 3.9%) at 2 years, and 93% (SE 4.5%) at 3 years. Ten restenoses were detected and treated by endovascular techniques (n=6), bypass (n=2), or medication (n=2). At the end of the follow-up, the patients were asymptomatic (n=62) or presented with a moderate (n=17) or severe (n=8) claudication. A patient with hemodialysis was amputated at the metatarsal level. No significant predictive restenosis factor was discovered. However, the C or D TASC classification seemed to favor an earlier restenosis (p=0.06). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that, in a larger population than in the literature, systematic stenting on the external iliac artery gives satisfying results in patients with claudication.