Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze the complications and long-term results of endovascular management of vertebrobasilar trunk large (≥10 mm) aneurysms (VBTLAs) and identify predictors of outcomes.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2020, 6,987 patients with intracranial aneurysms were referred to our center for aneurysm management and 2,224 patients have undergone the endovascular procedures. We retrospectively reviewed the database and identify all the patients with VBTLAs.ResultsA total of 62 VBTLAs were identified. The median aneurysm size was 13.4 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 11.5–18.7]. Among them, 24 aneurysms were treated with overlapping stent techniques, 18 aneurysms were treated with flow diversion, 14 aneurysms were treated with single stent-assisted coiling, and 6 aneurysms were treated with coiling alone. Ten patients were treated with parent artery occlusion or unilateral vertebral artery occlusion. Periprocedural complications were occurred in 7 (11.3%) patients. Clinical follow-up was obtained at the median of 27.5 months (IQR 15.3–58.5). The overall complication rate was 16.1% (10/62), including nine ischemic events and one hemorrhagic event. The combined disability and neurological mortality rate was 12.9% (8/62), with 4 (6.5%) deaths. The favorable outcome rate at follow-up was 87.1% (54/62). The complication-free cumulative survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 86.8 and 82.0%, respectively. The overall cumulative survival rates at 1 and 5 year were 96.5 and 89.8%, respectively. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, longer procedure time (>115 min) (P = 0.037) and ischemic onset (P = 0.005) predict complications. Angiography follow-up was available for 36 patients at the median of 6.0 months (IQR 6–12), with a complete occlusion rate of 77.8% (28/36). Two (5.6%) aneurysms were recanalized and subsequently received the retreatment. Subgroup analysis did not find any differences in the complete occlusion rate between endovascular strategies.ConclusionEndovascular management of VBTLAs has a reasonable safety profile with favorable 5-year cumulative survival rates and imaging outcomes at follow-up. Prolonged procedure and ischemic onset are associated with a high risk of overall complications.
Highlights
Posterior circulation aneurysms are always associated with a poor natural history and published reports have shown such aneurysms have a greater tendency to rupture than those in anterior circulation [1,2,3]
A total of 44 (71.0%) aneurysms were originated from the V4 segment of the vertebral artery, 13 (21.0%) aneurysms were originated from the basilar artery, and 5 (8.0%) aneurysms were originated from the vertebrobasilar junction
Clinical follow-up was obtained at the median of 27.5 months (IQR 15.3–58.5)
Summary
Posterior circulation aneurysms are always associated with a poor natural history and published reports have shown such aneurysms have a greater tendency to rupture than those in anterior circulation [1,2,3]. Posterior circulation aneurysms are associated with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis within the first 48 h [4]. Endovascular management including coiling, stent-assisted coiling, and flow diversion (FD) has certain advantages compared to open surgery, but VBTLA is still associated with an increased complication risk as compared to aneurysms located in anterior circulation, due to their location, surgical accessibility, pathological features, and relation to perforating branches of vertebrobasilar artery [6,7,8]. We reviewed the database and described the single-center results of the epidemiology, clinical prognosis, and imaging outcomes of endovascular management of VBTLAs
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