Abstract
Gram-negative bacilli and cocci bacteria produce and release endotoxins, which are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of the cell wall. These endotoxins are responsible for releasing a series of inflammatory mediators such as IL1, TNFα and proteases, as well as lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes and platelet-activating factor, ultimately activitating immune response cells like leukocytes, macrophages and platelets. These cells amplify the response to shock, generate a procoagulant state and produce alterations at the cellular level, for example, damage to the endothelium, which in the end benefit and worsen the state of septic shock (Figure 1).
Highlights
It is necessary to emphasize that shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, despite the use of antibiotics. (1) having available a marker that serves as a predictor of bacteremia and septic shock that is easy to obtain and perform, and that has specificity and sensitivity higher than 80% is necessary
These endotoxins are responsible for releasing a series of inflammatory mediators such as IL1, TNFα and proteases, as well as lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes and platelet-activating factor, activitating immune response cells like leukocytes, macrophages and platelets
This is the case of serum procalcitonin, an acute phase reactant that is usually found in plasma in minimum amounts that increase as the infection sets in and usually decrease with its resolution, confirming bacteremia
Summary
It is necessary to emphasize that shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, despite the use of antibiotics. (1) having available a marker that serves as a predictor of bacteremia and septic shock that is easy to obtain and perform, and that has specificity and sensitivity higher than 80% is necessary. Dear editor: Gram-negative bacilli and cocci bacteria produce and release endotoxins, which are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of the cell wall. These endotoxins are responsible for releasing a series of inflammatory mediators such as IL1, TNFα and proteases, as well as lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes and platelet-activating factor, activitating immune response cells like leukocytes, macrophages and platelets.
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