Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells are increasingly being studied in various diseases ranging from ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, and in cancer. The discovery that these cells can be mobilized from their bone marrow niche to sites of inflammation and tumor to induce neovasculogenesis has afforded a novel opportunity to understand the tissue microenvironment and specific cell-cell interactive pathways. This review provides a comprehensive up-to-date understanding of the physiological function and therapeutic utility of these cells. The emphasis is on the systemic factors that modulate their differentiation/mobilization and survival and presents the challenges of its potential therapeutic clinical utility as a diagnostic and prognostic reagent.
Highlights
As a new decade of cancer research begins, many of the same problems in investigating tumor growth and metastasis remain
CCR2 is a chemokine receptor expressed on the surface of Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that mediates chemotaxis to areas of endothelial denudation, which secrete monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/ CCL2), leading to angiogenesis [37]
Endothelial Progenitor cells originate from the bone marrow and have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lines
Summary
As a new decade of cancer research begins, many of the same problems in investigating tumor growth and metastasis remain. Their surface receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1(PSGL-1) interacts with P-selectin and E-selectin expressed on endothelial cells, followed by autocrine and paracrine activation of EPCs resulting in differentiation or transdifferentiation, proliferation and vascular growth [12].
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