Abstract
Lining the luminal surface of the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) are in direct contact with and differentially respond to hemodynamic forces depending on their anatomic location. Pulsatile shear stress (PS) is defined by laminar flow and is predominantly located in straight vascular regions, while disturbed or oscillatory shear stress (OS) is localized to branch points and bifurcations. Such flow patterns have become a central focus of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, because the focal distribution of endothelial dysfunction corresponds to regions exposed to OS, whereas endothelial homeostasis is maintained in regions defined by PS. Deciphering the mechanotransduction events that occur in ECs in response to differential flow patterns has required the innovation of multidisciplinary approaches in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The results from these studies have identified a multitude of shear stress-regulated molecular networks in the endothelium that are implicated in health and disease. This review outlines the significance of scientific findings generated in collaboration with Dr. Shu Chien.
Highlights
The arterial cardiovascular system is made up of a luminal endothelial layer that is essential to vascular health by responding to and relaying mechanical, paracrine, and endocrine stimulations to circulating macrophages and underlying smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
The discoveries emphasized in this review encompassed research conducted in collaboration with Dr Shu Chien and how it integrates into the field of vascular biology
Combined with the work of others, these findings contributed to a paradigm shift in the field of mechanotransduction by resolving mechanisms demonstrating the active role endothelial cells (ECs) play in the pathogenesis of vascular-related disorders, such as atherosclerosis
Summary
Cite as: APL Bioeng. 4, 010904 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5129563 Submitted: 01 October 2019 • Accepted: 19 January 2020 • Published Online: 20 February 2020 Ming He, Marcy Martin, Traci Marin, et al COLLECTIONS ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN From cellular to molecular mechanobiology APL Bioengineering 4, 010902 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5129937 Good advice for endothelial cells: Get in line, relax tension, and go with the flow APL Bioengineering 4, 010905 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5129812 Mechanobiology of dynamic enzyme systems APL Bioengineering 4, 010907 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5133645 APL Bioeng. 4, 010904 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5129563 © Author(s).
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