Endothelial Dysfunction associated with Diabetes Mellitus linked to extracellular signal-regulated kinase and inflammatory pathways

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction and core illnesses are now among the top causes of death on a global scale. Atherogenesis is a prominent risk factor for adverse vascular blockage diseases. People who have hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia become more prone to developing cerebro-cardiovascular disease and lower limb disorders. Additionally, diabetic metabolic syndrome additionally alters the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and immunosignal pathways, as well as the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factors and cell migration all of which contribute to pathogenesis. The creation of fibrous and fatty lesions in the intimal layer of an artery is referred to as atherogenesis associated vascular problems. In this study, atherogenic lipid particles, markers and inflammatory signaling pathways related to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia complications of atherosclerosis are discussed which will aid in the development of a new strategy to treat the macro-vascular complication for future research and treatment.