Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is an often fatal pathology characterized by hypertension and proteinuria at the 20th week of gestation that affects 5–10% of the pregnancies. The problem is particularly important in developing countries in where the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is higher and maternal mortality rates are 20 times higher than those reported in developed countries. Risk factors for the development of PE include obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia that stimulate inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED). However, how all these clinical manifestations concur to develop PE is still not very well understood. The related poor trophoblast invasion and uteroplacental artery remodeling described in PE, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and ED. Here we aim to review current literature from research showing the interplay between oxidative stress, ED and PE to the outcomes of current clinical trials aiming to prevent PE with antioxidant supplementation.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Deepesh Pandey, Georgia Health Sciences University, USA Anuran Chatterjee, University of California, San Francisco, USA
The related poor trophoblast invasion and uteroplacental artery remodeling described in PE, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction (ED)
Preeclampsia is a pathology characterized by hypertension and proteinuria at the 20th week of gestation that affects 5–10% of the pregnancies
Summary
Reviewed by: Deepesh Pandey, Georgia Health Sciences University, USA Anuran Chatterjee, University of California, San Francisco, USA. Risk factors for the development of PE include obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia that stimulate inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED) How all these clinical manifestations concur to develop PE is still not very well understood. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 20% of the 15 million preterm births reported each year are related to PE (Kinney et al, 2012; Liu et al, 2012) This situation is important in developing countries where the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is higher and maternal mortality rates and preterm births are 20 times higher than those reported in developed countries (Walker, 2000; Lain and Roberts, 2002). This is important in order to understand the etiology of PE in undeveloped countries in where changes in lifestyles and environmental factors could be rapid and drastic
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