Abstract
The ability to image the gastrointestinal wall in addition to mediastinal, abdominal, retroperitoneal and pelvic organs with endosonography has permitted substantive advances in our diagnostic capabilities. Requisite to this evolution was the development of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and trucut biopsy (TCB). These techniques permit pathologic confirmation of abnormalities heretofore only possible by surgical means. The next generation in this evolution is just emerging in the form of EUS‐guided fine needle injection (FNI) therapy. Standard EUS‐guided techniques for injection therapy include celiac plexus block/neurolysis, treatment of achalasia, and variceal sclerotherapy. However, this review will focus on the limited information available on EUS‐FNI of anti‐neoplastic agents for pancreatic cancer as well as EUS‐FNI of alcohol for cystic pancreatic tumors. We will also discuss potential technical hurdles that must be overcome to allow for the safe proliferation of these techniques.
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