Endoscopic vacuum therapy for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy: a retrospective analysis at a tertiary university center

Abstract

IntroductionAnastomotic leakage after esophagectomy with gastric-pullup is the most feared postoperative complication associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Management of anastomotic leakage underwent an evolution in the last decade from surgical and conservative to an endoscopic management. However, to date there is no clear consensus on management and if endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) is the most superior therapy. Material and methodsBetween 2012 and 2022 all patients that underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for an underlying malignancy were included in this study. Patients that developed an anastomotic leakage and received endoscopic vacuum therapy were further analysed. ResultsA total of 17 patients were treated with EVT following AL after esophagectomy. The median duration of EVT was 23 days with a median number of 5,5 vacuum sponge changes per patient. EVT-systems were placed 12 times intraluminal and 5 times extraluminal. Successful closure of the defect was achieved in 14 patients. ConclusionEndoscopic vacuum therapy can be successfully applied in the treatment of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy even in septic patients with an extraluminal cavity. Event-related complications are present but rare.