Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal solid malignancy, and the number of patients with pancreatic cancer is increasing. Systemic chemotherapies are often ineffective for such patients, and there is an urgent need for personalized medicine. Unlike other types of cancer, personalized treatments for pancreatic cancer are still in development. Consequently, pancreatic cancer is less sensitive to anticancer drugs and is often refractory to common treatments. Therefore, advances in personalized medicine for pancreatic cancer are necessary. This review examined advances in personalized medicine for pancreatic cancer, including the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling. EUS-guided sampling is widely used for diagnosing pancreatic tumors and is expected to be applied to sampled tissues. Additionally, there has been an increase in clinical research using EUS-guided sampling. The combination of precision medicine using genomic testing and pharmacological profiles based on high-throughput drug sensitivity testing using patient-derived organoids is expected to revolutionize pancreatic cancer treatment.
Highlights
The number of patients diagnosed with pancreatic duct tumors is increasing annually
There is a limit on improving clinical results of anticancer drugs for advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and there is a need for personalized treatments for patients with PDAC
These data highlight the risk of relying on genetic analyses alone to predict the efficacy of currently available drugs for PDAC
Summary
The number of patients diagnosed with pancreatic duct tumors is increasing annually. Currently, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 432,000 new cases and 459,000 deaths yearly [1]. Since chemotherapy is administered uniformly based on the results of clinical trials, therapeutic effects vary from patient to patient This may be because the efficacies of anticancer drugs differ due to genomic differences, even in patients with the same cancer [4]. EUS-guided sampling has the potential to advance personalized treatment by allowing the assessment of genomic alterations and drug sensitivity [6,7,8]. High-throughput methods have been developed for drug sensitivity testing, and technological innovations are occurring rapidly By applying these technologies, various studies using cancer tissues are currently being actively conducted [14,15,16]. Treatment with molecularly matched therapies has been reported to significantly improve survival outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer, based on the ongoing Know Your Tumor program, including 1000 patients with PDAC [4]
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