Endoscopic Superficialization of Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis Access

Abstract

Endoscopic superficialization of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a procedure used to improve functional use of an AVF using of a minimally invasive approach as opposed to open superficialization. Inaccessible AVFs are characterized by a >6-mm depth from the skin’s surface and require intervention to achieve functional use of the AVF for hemodialysis. The increasing population of patients with end-stage renal disease combined with the priority placed on autogenous fistulas from the Fistula First Initiative have created an increased demand for vascular access for dialysis.