Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy may be done without sequelae in the presence of a normal gallbladder. Endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones as a preoperative procedure is not routinely indicated. It is not clear whether it is beneficial for elderly high-risk patients. However, endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy appears to be a valuable treatment for cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis with or without intact gallbladder. When common bile duct stones are removed leaving cholelithiasis, patients develop symptoms at about the same rate as patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
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