Abstract
The endoscopic approach to bile duct injury is contingent both on the extent of injury and timing of evaluation. Patients with biliary transection or clip replacement across the right or left hepatic duct are not amenable to endoscopic therapy. Patients with bile leak may require endoprosthesis placement alone or sphincterotomy with or without stent placement if leak occurs in conjunction with common bile duct stone or papillary stenosis. Patients with major biliary stenosis require periodic balloon dilation and stent placement for up to 1 year. Short-term and intermediate follow-up results suggest that two thirds to three fourths of patients can expect a good to excellent result.
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