Abstract
Endoscopic in-situ recognition of urinary stones during LASER-induced stone fragmentation: a modern, effective and essential approach in the diagnostic process in urolithiasis
Highlights
Analysis of stone composition allows establishing dedicated treatments that can eliminate stones with a reduced probability of relapses
A relatively fast learning curve was reported when urologists following the Endoscopic Stone Recognition (ESR) training encountered the most frequent stone morphologies, such as: stones with a single crystalline component [8], calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD, morphological type II subdivided as IIa and IIb subtypes) and uric acid (UA, morphological type III subdivided as IIIa and IIIb subtypes) [9]
LASER spraying of all types of urinary stones became common practice
Summary
Analysis of stone composition allows establishing dedicated treatments that can eliminate stones. To this end, non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is currently the first step of an etiological approach by a urologist. It is well established that such examinations play an essential role in the etiological diagnosis, as explained in the international morphoconstitutional classification of urinary stones [5]. This analysis can be performed during a postoperative session by a biologist and consists of collecting morpho-constitutional information based on both microscopic morphology, using binocular stereomicroscope, and infrared spectroscopy recognition (FTIR). ESR, which can be supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI), may find a widespread use in a clinical practice.
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