Endoscopic forehead lifting using fixation sutures

Abstract

Endoscopic brow and forehead lifting has become increasingly popular as both surgeons and patients alike search for techniques that reduce morbidity and recovery time, yet maintain the ability to achieve excellent results. Endoscopic, or endoscopically assisted brow and forehead lifts show great promise in the area of facial rejuvenation surgery. Though it will never completely replace the traditional open techniques, endoscopic brow lifting has a definite place in the armamentarium of the facial plastic surgeon owing to its decreased morbidity and excellent patient satisfaction. One problem around which major variations and techniques center is soft-tissue fixation of the elevated brow and forehead. A review of various techniques for suspension as well as the authors' preferred technique are presented.