Endoscopic Findings in Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Saleh Mohammad,Amber Rizwan,Aftab A Soomro,Abrar Shaikh,Bashir Chandio

doi:10.7759/cureus.4280

Abstract

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common and grave emergencies encountered by the emergency medicine doctors. The aim of this study is to assess the endoscopic findings in patients presenting with acute UGIB.Methods: This is a retrospective study which included all endoscopy records of the Department of Gastroenterology, Ghulam Mohammad Maher Hospital, Sukkur from 1st January 2017 till 30th June 2018.Results: There were 100 males (49.3%) and 103 females (50.7%) who underwent endoscopy in the study duration. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 41.03 ± 14.94 years. Esophageal varices were found in 65% cases. There were more men (68%) with varices than women (32%). Almost 10% patients were with gastric erosions, 9% had antral gastritis, 6.4% had pangastritis, and peptic ulcer disease was found in 5.8% cases.Conclusion: Variceal bleeding is the most common endoscopic finding in the patients with UGIB. Other lesser common causes include erosions of the gastric and esophageal mucosa.

Highlights

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common and grave emergencies encountered by the emergency medicine doctors
Most of the patients were of age 41-60 years (n = 86; 42.4%), followed by age group 26-40 years (n = 60; 29.6%), less than 25 years (n = 42; 20.7%), and the least common age group was more than 60 years (n = 15; 7.4%) (Table 1)
Almost 10% patients were with gastric erosions which are an evidence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease

Summary

Introduction

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common and grave emergencies encountered by the emergency medicine doctors. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remains one of the most common medical emergencies that require immediate intervention, resuscitation, and hospital admission [1]. It presents, acutely, as hematemesis (40%-50%)-bleeding site proximal to ligament of treitz; it may present, chronically, as melena (70%-80%)-bleeding site distal to ligament of treitz; or a less common presentation hematochezia (10%)-fresh lower GI bleeding (LGIB) [2]. UGIB is four times more frequent than LGIB It is associated with high morbidity; and mortality rate of almost 6%-10% [3]. Lesser common causes include aorto-enteric fistula, hemobilia, angiodysplasia, uremia, and coagulation disorders [5]

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Conclusion