Abstract
Endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-augmenting substances--a 15-minute outpatient procedure--has become an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical intervention in the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. This report reviews the results of endoscopic treatment of reflux using various tissue-augmenting substances presently available. In terms of effectiveness and long term successful results, PTFE is the most reliable injectable product for the endoscopic treatment of all grades of VUR.
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