Endoscopic-assisted removal of ventricular catheter in high-risk patients

Abstract

Introduction. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt carries a non-negligible failure rate often requiring multiple surgical procedures during patient’s lifetime. The most common cause is obstruction of the ventricular catheter that can be embedded in adhesions with choroid plexus, ependymal tissue, and fibrous material. In such cases, or when an intraventricular tumor is present, particular attention must be paid when removal of the ventricular catheter is required. The potential adhesions with the tip of the ventricular catheter results in an increased risk of life-threatening hemorrhage.Materials and methods. We present the case of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt proximal revision in a von Hippel–Lindau affected patient. The neuroendoscopic exploration to restore the patency of the ventricular system made it possible to notice a fibrous adhesion between the tip of the catheter and a pituitary hemangioblastoma abutting into the third ventricle. Discussion. Pituitary stalk hemangioblastoma is an infrequent localization, although it represents the most common supratentorial site of hemangioblastoma in patients affected by von Hippel–Lindau syndrome. In this and in similar cases, endoscopic-assisted shunt revision allows visualizing the tip of the ventricular catheter and eventual adhesions that can be coagulated and cut by simple maneuvers, without any morbidity for patients.Conclusion. In a ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision with the concomitant presence of an intraventricular tumor or lesion at risk of bleeding, the surgical procedure should be performed under neuroendoscopic observation to reduce the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage.