Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is currently the standard of care for axillary staging in early breast cancer patients with no clinical or radiological evidence of axillary lymph node involvement. Novel techniques studied in recent years include the use indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging, which was reported in a recent network meta-analysis to be comparable to standard dual modality in terms of false negative as well as detection rate. However, there have been no standardized operative methods leading to the underutilization of this modality in clinical practice. In addition, technical limitations such as the difficulty in tracing ICG flow in obese patients further restrict the use of ICG fluorescence in sentinel lymph node biopsy. In this article, we describe in detail the use of the endoscopic-assisted ICG technique in performing sentinel lymph node biopsy, which addresses limitations associated with conventional use of ICG fluorescence imaging. The technical novelty of this technique lies in the fact that it has not been previously described in the literature and it allows for the identification of sentinel lymph nodes with minimal incision and tissue disruption as well.
Highlights
The most widely used technique for sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification is the dual-modality method involving the injection of technetium-99m-labeled nanocolloid and blue dye into the peritumoral or www.misjournal.net
A 5-min waiting time was advised to allow for adequate lymphatic flow to the axilla
Lymphatic flow could be visualized under fluorescence imaging [Figures 4 and 5]
Summary
The most widely used technique for sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification is the dual-modality method involving the injection of technetium-99m-labeled nanocolloid and blue dye into the peritumoral or www.misjournal.netDetailed description of this technique as attached in Video 1.ICG PREPARATION AND INJECTIONICG VERDYE (Diagnostic Green, Bavaria) solution of 1.25 mg/0.5 mL (vial of 25 mg added to 10 mL of water for injection) was prepared, and 1 mL of ICG was injected intradermally over 12 o’clock and 9 or 3 o’clock (right and left breast, respectively) with 0.5 mL per injection site after induction of general anesthesia [Figures 1 and 2]. The most widely used technique for sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification is the dual-modality method involving the injection of technetium-99m-labeled nanocolloid and blue dye into the peritumoral or www.misjournal.net Detailed description of this technique as attached in Video 1. ICG VERDYE (Diagnostic Green, Bavaria) solution of 1.25 mg/0.5 mL (vial of 25 mg added to 10 mL of water for injection) was prepared, and 1 mL of ICG was injected intradermally over 12 o’clock and 9 or 3 o’clock (right and left breast, respectively) with 0.5 mL per injection site after induction of general anesthesia [Figures 1 and 2].
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