Abstract
Purpose of ReviewStapes surgery has been established as the gold standard for surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss in otosclerosis. Excellent outcomes with very low complication rate are reported for this surgery. Recent advances to improve surgical outcome have modified the surgical technique with endoscopes, and recent studies report development of robotical assistance. This article reviews the use of endoscopes and robotical assistance for stapes surgery.Recent FindingsWhile different robotic models have been developed, 2 models for stapes surgery have been used in the clinical setting. These can be used concomitant to an endoscope or microscope. Endoscopes are used on a regular base regarding stapes surgery with similar outcomes as microscopes. Endoscopic stapes surgery shows similar audiological results to microscopic technique with an advantage of less postoperative dysgeusia and pain. Its utility in cases of revision surgery or malformation is emphasized.SummaryEndoscopic stapes surgery is used on a regular basis with excellent outcomes similar to the microscopic approach, while reducing surgical morbidity. Robotic technology is increasingly being developed in the experimental setting, and first applications are reported in its clinical use.
Highlights
Stapes surgery has been widely established as the gold standard for treatment of conductive hearing loss in otosclerosis
Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) is becoming more prevalent as a valuable minimalinvasive approach for middle ear surgery
Reported outcome is similar to a microscopic approach, with an advantage of less postoperative dysgeusia and pain
Summary
Stapes surgery has been widely established as the gold standard for treatment of conductive hearing loss in otosclerosis. The procedure requires a high degree of precision and experience by the performing ear surgeon. A high successrate, defined by a postoperative air-bone gap of less than 10. This article is part of the Topical Collection on OTOLOGY: Otosclerosis and Stapes Surgery dB and low complication rates are described in the literature [1]. Postoperative complications include vertigo as well as a worsened auditory threshold. A risk of irreversible partial or complete sensorineural hearing loss is reported in 0.7–3% of patients [2]. The hearing loss may be addressed using hearing aids, which should always be proposed during patient counseling [3]
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