Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a protective stress response of cells that takes place when the ER has a significant amount of unfolded and misfolded proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum stress that is prolonged and severe and the unfolded protein response it produces start the apoptotic cascade. Apoptosis brought on by endoplasmic reticulum stress has been demonstrated to be a crucial entry point for the detection and treatment of illnesses. Both Alzheimer's disease and pulmonary fibrosis are difficult to treat, and both are linked to aberrant apoptosis. As a result, one of the crucial research areas is the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and Alzheimer's disease. At present, COVID-19 pneumonia is prevalent in the world and has become one of the main causes of pulmonary fibrosis. At the same time, recent studies have shown that people who are positive for COVID-19 are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of these two diseases are particularly important today. The purpose of this paper is to explore the triggering mechanism and physiological characterization of ER stress, and the prospects for the treatment and diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and Alzheimer's syndrome, which are still difficult to overcome.