Abstract
Fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) are widely used in traditional medicine as a remedy or for prevention of many health problems (lowering blood sugar and triglyceride levels, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). The aim of the research was isolation of endophytic microflora, its characterization and proving its potential for future application. Two endophytic bacteria Streptococcus sp. Fcl1 and Kocuria rhizophila Fcl20 were isolated from the fig leaves and characterized. Using HPLC method was also determined the polyphenolic profile of aqueous-alcoholic extract (70% (v/v) ethanol) and microwave-assisted aqueous extract of fig leaves, for the purpose of phytochemical characterization of the plant, for subsequent study of the endophyte-plant relationship. The main found phenolic acids and flavonoids in extracts were: (+)-catechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid, (-)-epicatechin, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin.
Highlights
Endophytic bacteria are plant beneficial bacteria that growth into plants
After subsequent multiple transfers and growth in Nutrient agar and Nutrient broth, two endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from Ficus carica L. leaves (Isolate Fcl1 and Isolate Fcl20)
The results of this study showed presence of endophytic bacterial microflora in Ficus carica L
Summary
Endophytic bacteria are plant beneficial bacteria that growth into plants. They colonize inside plant tissues and can contribute for plant growth under normal and stress conditions, getting protection and nutrition substances from the host plant. The endophytes can benefit host plants directly by improving plant nutrient uptake and by adjusting growth and stress related phytohormones; as well as indirectly, improving plant health by targeting pests and pathogens by producing functional metabolites [1, 2]. It was reported that Ficus carica leaves possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic activities and many others [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. All those activities are due to the high content of biologically active substances in the leaves of figs. From F. carica leaves have been isolated phenolic acids, flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, phytosterols, triterpenoids, fatty acids, volatile constituents [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
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