Abstract
Since endophytes can affect metabolism of host plants, they are expected to be used to improve crop quality, especially for crops with organoleptic sensitive products such as wine grape. However, details of metabolic interactions between endophytes and host plants were less understood. In this work, we used high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the metabolites of fruit flesh cells of grape treated with dual culture of different endophytic fungal strains (EFS). We observed that the dual-culture with different fungal strains show different metabolites composition in grape cells. In response to different EFS, quantities of detected metabolites in grape cells varied from 6 to 17 in this assay, and 1 to 11 novel metabolites were introduced into metabolome of grape cells. Dual-culture with fungal strains CS2, RH16 and RH5 introduced the highest quantities (10 or 11) of novel metabolites in grape cells. More importantly, the modification of metabolic profiles in grape cells via fungal endophytes appeared to be fungal strain/genus-specificity. Overall, this work revealed that introduction of specific metabolites in host plants may be one consequence during the process of endophytes-host metabolic interactions, which raise the possibility to shape grape qualities and characteristics using tool of fungal endophytes.
Highlights
Endophytes were intensively studied during the past decades for the great potential of novel valuable metabolites which have medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications [1,2,3,4,5]
high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) clearly displayed the differences of metabolite profiles in grape flesh cells after the dualculture with fungal endophytes (Fig 1)
In this HPLC assay, the detected metabolites mainly appeared within retention time from 2.0 to 16.0 minutes and obviously separated into two clusters, one appeared at retention times between 2.0 and 5.0 minutes, whereas the other appeared at retention within 12.0 and 14.0 minutes (Fig 1)
Summary
Endophytes were intensively studied during the past decades for the great potential of novel valuable metabolites which have medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications [1,2,3,4,5]. The symbiosis of endophytes conferred growth promotion and environmental adaptability effects to host plants on the other hand, have achieved applications [7,8,9]. The fact that the endophytes had metabolic impacts on host plants, further suggests the possibility of regulating the biochemical status of host plants with fungal endophytes [10]. This may be of great interest to food crops which give organoleptic sensitive products such as wine, coffee and tea. Studies concerned the interactions between endophytes and host plants had been
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