Abstract
ABSTRACT Jordan contains approximately 2,500 species of plants distributed throughout the Kingdom, from these species there are 485 species belonging to 99 different families are categorized as medicinal plants. Many species of plants, including those of medicinal value, are becoming threatened, endangered, rare, nearly extinct, or extinct because of misguided human activities. The primary causes for loss of medicinal plant diversity are destruction and overcollection of medicinal plants in their natural habitats. As a golden mine of bioactive molecules, endophytic fungi have been attracted the attention of researchers worldwide over the past few years because their presence benefits the host plant, and they are a source of secondary metabolites of potential interest. There are an increasing number of reports on their identification and on the production of secondary metabolites. In Jordan, endophytic fungal research is completely overlooked and until now no solid study on endophytic fungi of medicinal plants in the country has been carried by any Jordanian researchers. This review aims to shed the light on the importance of endophytic fungi, their useful products and application and how we can use them as a news strategy to conserve medicinal plants in Jordan with special reference to Asteraceae and Lamiaceae.
Highlights
Jordan is a small country with high geographical and ecological diversity and peoples used wild medicinal plants in treatment of various diseases since ancient times (Hudaib et al 2008; Aldal'in et al 2020)
Jordan is characterized by the abundance of medicinal plants in respectable numbers compared to its size as a small country, and this figure of medicinal plants is because Jordan is characterized by moderate climate and geographical location, where the percentage of medicinal plants in Jordan is about 20% of the total flora of the kingdom (Abdelhalim et al 2017)
Khalil et al (2016) studied the effects of Chaetomium globosum and Curvularia lunata on Rheumatoid Arteritis (RA) and the results revealed that the effects of crude extracts of both taxa were similar to the effects observed from Leflunomide, the well-known drug in the treatment of RA
Summary
Jordan is a small country with high geographical and ecological diversity and peoples used wild medicinal plants in treatment of various diseases since ancient times (Hudaib et al 2008; Aldal'in et al 2020). Jordan is characterized by the abundance of medicinal plants in respectable numbers compared to its size as a small country, and this figure of medicinal plants is because Jordan is characterized by moderate climate and geographical location, where the percentage of medicinal plants in Jordan is about 20% of the total flora of the kingdom (Abdelhalim et al 2017). The importance of medicinal plants lies in their potential effects on some biological activities on living organisms e.g. antidiabetic, antileukemic, antispasmodic, sedative, antimicrobial and anticancer (Oran 2014). Medicinal plants used in pharmaceutical and pharmacological industries through isolation the active ingredients from different plant parts (Aldal'in et al 2020), but in Jordan the extraction of medicinal plants and their. 2,500 species of plants distributed throughout the Kingdom of Jordan, from these species there are 485 species belonging to 99 different families are categorized as medicinal plants (Al-Zereini et al 2018)
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