Abstract
Aphids are among the most harmful crop pests, damaging plants by sucking sap or by transmitting pathogenic viruses. Plant infestation by aphids depends on their population growth. Entomopathogenic fungi are essential participants of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, regulating arthropod communities. Many fungal species with a symbiotic–endophytic relation with plants are pathogenic, producing insecticides or insect repellents. The present study investigated the effects of the fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea, following their endophytic colonization of the sweet pepper Capsicum annum, on the development of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. After 21 days, B. bassiana produced 100% aphid mortality, M. anisopliae 90% and I. fumosorosea 83.3%. There were also significant differences in terms of the effect on aphid population in planta and on the survival time of young adults in planta. External mycelium appeared within 96 h after placing aphid cadavers on damp filter paper. PCR confirmed that the mycelium was of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea. DNA sequences collected from this work were matched with existing sequences data in GenBank, using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Our results showed that none of the three fungal isolates had an effect in promoting or suppressing the growth of C. annum.
Highlights
Endophytes are microorganisms that spend at least part of their lives living non-parasitically within plants [1]
This endophytic relationship reinforces plants with insecticidal or insect repellent traits, a characteristic that could be exploited for designing environmentally friendly applications for insect control in agriculture [1,2]. Fungal entomopathogens such as Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), are important participants in the regulation of pest populations
To prove endophytic colonization of pepper leaves by M. anisopliae, B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea, leaves of same age plants were sprayed with conidial suspensions at 108 conidia/mL
Summary
Endophytes are microorganisms that spend at least part of their lives living non-parasitically within plants [1]. There is accumulated evidence that many entomopathogenic fungi are symbiotic with several plant species while others are species-specific. This endophytic relationship reinforces plants with insecticidal or insect repellent traits, a characteristic that could be exploited for designing environmentally friendly applications for insect control in agriculture [1,2]. Fungal entomopathogens such as Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), are important participants in the regulation of pest populations. Aphids are important plant pests, causing considerable direct or indirect losses to several crop species [13]
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