Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to isolate endophytic bacteria from tissue culture and leaves of jaboticaba (Plinia peruviana) and to evaluate their potential as plant growth-promoting bacteria. The bacteria were isolated from nodal segments grown in vitro and from leaves from a tree under natural conditions, totaling 11 and 54 isolates, respectively. The isolates were characterized by colony morphology. The indolic compounds produced by the isolates, in the presence or absence of 100 mg L-1 tryptophan, were quantified. The greatest producers of these compounds were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and were inoculated on jaboticaba seeds, using Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V6) as a positive control. The sensitivity of bacteria to eight antibiotics was also evaluated. All assessed bacteria produced indolic compounds, especially Bacillus sp., with a content of 27.41 μg mL-1. The germination rate of the seeds inoculated with Stenotrophomonas sp. was high - 97.34% compared with that of 74.67% of the negative control. Bacillus sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. also sped up germination. Chloramphenicol limited the growth of 82% of the isolates, followed by amoxicillin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline, which limited 70%; erythromycin was only effective against 35%. The endophytic bacteria isolated from jaboticaba show characteristics of plant growth-promoting bacteria, and Bacillus sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp., obtained from tissue culture, are capable of enhancing jaboticaba seed germination.
Highlights
Jaboticaba [Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts] is a fruit tree naturally distributed in Brazil, belonging to the Myrtaceae family
The endophytes predominated in the leaves from the tree, which was expected since a lower amount of bacteria is usually found in tissue cultures due to the in vitro environment and the use of substances to inhibit their growth
In a study on Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage subjected to a micropropagation process, without an apparent contamination of the explants, Esposito-Polesi et al (2015) reported that the composition of the endophytic community varied between explants and within the same explants in different subcultures
Summary
Jaboticaba [Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts] is a fruit tree naturally distributed in Brazil, belonging to the Myrtaceae family. Its propagation is mainly by seeds, which are recalcitrant and can only be stored for a short period (Danner et al, 2011). It is necessary to develop new strategies to improve the propagation of jaboticaba. An alternative is the micropropagation of this species, which would be extremely important for the clonal production of selected matrices, but has not yet been reported. Other species of Myrtaceae, such as Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg and Psidium cattleianum Sabine, have already been successfully micropropagated. As in most reports on the in vitro tissue culture of woody species, bacterial growth was observed in the explants (Freire et al, 2018; Machado et al, 2020)
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