Abstract
Endophytic fungi are generally viewed as plant mutualists which potentially play important roles in plant-plant, plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interactions (Carroll, 1986; 1988; Clay, 1987, 1988a, b, 1991, 1992; Miller, 1986; Strong, 1988). Endophytes have been shown to increase plant resistance to both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores, perhaps through induced resistance, nutrient depletion or toxin production (Carroll, 1986; Clay, 1987, 1990, 1991; Clay et al., 1993; Miller, 1986; Powell & Petroski, 1992; White & Cole, 1985). Besides directly enhancing resistance to herbivores, plant associated endophytes can affect plant fitness under herbivory pressure in many other ways. For instance, intra-and interspecific competitive abilities of plants, and thus, plant abundance and community structure in the presence of herbivores may depend on endophyte infection (Clay et al., 1993).
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