Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue and Small Ruminant Production: Do We Have a Problem?

Abstract

Small ruminant production has been expanding in the upper transition zone where tall fescue [Lalium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] is the dominant perennial cool-season grass forage species. Although the grass is well adapted to the region, an endophyte (Neatyphadium caenaphialum) that infects most tall fescue plants produces ergot alkaloids, which can cause a toxicosis in cattle that negatively affects reproductive performance and weight gain efficiency. Limited research with sheep indicates a negative impact of ergot alkaloids on physiology and production, but even less research has been done to determine effects of ergot alkaloids on meat goat physiology and production. A better understanding of the influences that ergot alkaloids have on small ruminant growth and development, and reproduction will be needed before management approaches can be developed to reduce or alleviate tall fescue toxicosis.