Endophlebectomy of the common femoral vein and endovascular iliac vein recanalization for chronic iliofemoral venous occlusion

Abstract

BackgroundChronic post-thrombotic occlusion of the iliofemoral veins causes significant morbidity, which can be alleviated if venous drainage is restored. We report our technique of surgical endophlebectomy and patchplasty of the common femoral vein (CFV) in conjunction with iliac vein stenting to restore venous flow from the infrainguinal venous system to the vena cava. MethodsThere were 157 patients who underwent CFV endophlebectomy combined with iliocaval recanalization. Questionnaires were completed both preoperatively and postoperatively to allow comparison. These included the Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology clinical classification; the Venous Clinical Severity Score; the Villalta scale; the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study on Quality of Life/Symptoms; and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey quality of life questionnaire. ResultsMean follow-up duration was 14.4 ± 2.9 months (range, 10-29 months). The mean preoperative Venous Clinical Severity Score was 15.3 ± 2.2, and this fell to 6.1 ± 1.8 after treatment (P < .001). The mean preoperative Villalta score dropped from 12.7 ± 2.6 to 6.3 ± 1.4 (P < .001). The quality of life and symptom severity scores were improved after 3 months by 17.2 points for quality of life (P < .001) and 20.5 points for symptom severity (P < .001). Primary patency was 81% (124/153) and secondary patency was 89.5% (137/153) at 12 months. Wound complications related to groin incision and lymphatic fistulas were observed in 22.8% (35/153) and 28.7% (44/153), respectively. ConclusionsThe hybrid operation of CFV endophlebectomy in conjunction with iliac vein recanalization should be considered a safe and effective treatment option in patients with severe post-thrombotic syndrome and iliofemoral veno-occlusive disease.