Abstract
Abnormal endometrial function remains a significant cause of implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other pathologies responsible for female infertility. The development of novel therapies to treat infertility due to endometrial dysfunction requires an understanding of the latest advancements in endometrial cell biology, such as the role of endometrial stem cells. The remarkable regenerative capacity of the human endometrium is absolutely essential for successful reproduction and likely requires a population of stem cells in the endometrium. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to some of the newest concepts in endometrial stem cell biology.
Highlights
Successful reproduction in mammalian females requires a precisely timed and complex interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and the uterine endometrium
Abnormal endometrial function remains a significant cause of implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other pathologies which lead to female infertility
The purpose of this review is to provide an introductory guide to understanding some of the newest concepts in endometrial stem cell biology
Summary
Successful reproduction in mammalian females requires a precisely timed and complex interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and the uterine endometrium. Using [3H]thymidine incorporation during the natural menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey, these investigators demonstrated that the primate endometrium possessed a germinal compartment localized to the lower basalis, in which high epithelial activity persisted postovulation and appeared to escape inhibition by progesterone This compartment persisted after menses and was postulated to give rise to the transient functionalis layer. These studies, performed in a primate model with menstrual cycles identical to that of the human, provided the basis for the hypothesis that the basalis is the location of a stem cell population in the human endometrium [12, 13]
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