Endogenous Probabilistic Reserve Sizing and Allocation in Unit Commitment Models: Cost-Effective, Reliable, and Fast

Abstract

In power systems with high shares of variable and limitedly predictable renewables, power system operators need to schedule flexible load, generation, and storage to maintain the power system balance when forecast errors occur. To ensure a reliable and cost-effective power system operation, novel reserve sizing and allocation methods are needed. Although stochastic formulations of the unit commitment (UC) problem allow calculating an optimal trade-off between the cost of scheduling and activating reserves, load shedding and curtailment, these models may become computationally intractable for real-life power systems. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a novel set of probabilistic reserve constraints, which allows internalizing the reserve sizing and allocation problem in a deterministic UC model, considering the full cost of reserve allocation and activation. Extensive numerical simulations show that this novel formulation yields UC schedules that are nearly as cost-effective as the theoretical optimal solution of the stochastic model in calculation times similar to that of a deterministic equivalent.