Abstract
Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.1,2 These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis.3 It can be categorised as intracanal biofilms, extra radicular biofilms, periapical biofilms and biomaterial centered infections.4 The infected root canal harbors a polymicrobial population of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth. Bacterias involved are E. faecalis, Coagulase–negative Staphylococcus, S. aureus, Streptococci, P.aeruginosa, fungi, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, Actinomyces species and P. Propionicum. These are commonly isolated by culture, microscopy, immunological methods and molecular biology methods.3 The microbial communities grown in biofilm are remarkably difficult to eradicate with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, different antimicrobials ranging from antimicrobial irrigants to advanced antimicrobial methods such as lasers, photoactivated disinfection, and nanoparticles are employed in the management of infected root canal systems.4
Highlights
Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. [1, 2] These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. [3] It can be categorised as intracanal biofilms, extra radicular biofilms, periapical biofilms and biomaterial centered infections. [4] The infected root canal harbors a polymicrobial population of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth
1 INTRODUCTION: Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. [1, 2] These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis
Different antimicrobials ranging from antimicrobial irrigants to advanced antimicrobial methods such as lasers, photoactivated disinfection, and nanoparticles are employed in the management of infected root canal systems. [4]
Summary
Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. [1, 2] These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. [3] It can be categorised as intracanal biofilms, extra radicular biofilms, periapical biofilms and biomaterial centered infections. [4] The infected root canal harbors a polymicrobial population of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth. Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. [1, 2] These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. [4] The infected root canal harbors a polymicrobial population of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth. These are commonly isolated by culture, microscopy, immunological methods and molecular biology methods [3]. The microbial communities grown in biofilm are remarkably difficult to eradicate with antimicrobial agents. Different antimicrobials ranging from antimicrobial irrigants to advanced antimicrobial methods such as lasers, photoactivated disinfection, and nanoparticles are employed in the management of infected root canal systems. Different antimicrobials ranging from antimicrobial irrigants to advanced antimicrobial methods such as lasers, photoactivated disinfection, and nanoparticles are employed in the management of infected root canal systems. [4]
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