Endocrine-disrupting compounds surveying in polyethylene packed injection solutions using microwave-accelerated air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of deep eutectic solvent

Abstract

ABSTRACT A green and centrifuge-less microwave-accelerated air assisted liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of deep eutectic solvent droplet has been developed for the extraction of some endocrine-disrupting compounds in injection solutions prior to their determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the ranges of 14–33 and 47–110 ng L–1, respectively. Extraction recovery (ER) and enrichment factor (EF) of the selected analytes ranged from 79% to 94% and 395–470, respectively. The relative standard deviations were ≤7% for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 250 ng L–1 of each analyte. Abbreviations: AALLME: Air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction; DEP: Diethyl phthalate; DBP: Dibutyl phthalate; BPA: Bisphenol A; DEHP: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DIBP: Di-iso-butyl phthalate; EF: Enrichment factor; ER: Extraction recovery; GC: Gas chromatography; LOD: Limit of detection; LOQ: Limit of quantification; LR: Linear range; MS: Mass spectrometry; RSD: Relative standard deviation; PE: Phthalate ester