Abstract
Growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in endocrine resistance to therapy for metastatic breast cancer. These molecular pathways provide a unique target for new therapeutic approaches to reverse resistance. In this review, we provide a background discussion on the mechanisms of resistance, and then proceed to describe recent clinical trials involving the use of growth factor receptor inhibitors to improve patient outcome in metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. We demonstrate incremental improvements in outcome for patients with HR-positive metastatic breast cancer with combination therapy involving growth factor inhibitors and endocrine therapies. It remains unclear which patients with HR-positive metastatic breast cancer benefit from these combined approaches, and further research will focus on this issue. Understanding the mechanisms of endocrine resistance will undoubtedly lead to the development of new agents that can improve outcome for patients with this disease.
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