Abstract
Groupers are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, are key species to coastal ecosystems, and valuable fishery targets. To facilitate artificial seed production technology for grouper aquaculture, the mechanisms of reproduction and gonad development are being elucidated for these important species. In addition, since groupers are sexually dimorphic fish with female-first maturity (protogynous hermaphrodite fish), research is being conducted to clarify the ecological mechanism of sex change and their reproductive physiology, focusing on the endocrine system. In recent years, research on groupers has also been conducted to understand changes in the coastal environment caused by ocean warming and man-made chemicals. However, due to difficulties associated with conducting research using wild populations for breeding experiments, knowledge of the physiology and ecology of these fish is lacking, especially their reproductive physiology. In this review, we present information on the reproductive physiology and endocrinology of groupers obtained to date, together with the characteristics of their life history.
Highlights
A species of fish belonging to the family Serranidae, are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning the first spawning is by females, who later transform into males [1]
The expression of fshb was significantly higher in males immediately after sex change initiation. These results indicate that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important role in male sex change groupers [30]
Groupers are an economically valuable species that occupy an important position in coastal ecosystems
Summary
A species of fish belonging to the family Serranidae, are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning the first spawning is by females, who later transform into males [1]. Studies on reproductive physiology based on seed production, induction of maturation and spawning, and sex change have been conducted on several economically important and accessible grouper species, such as the seven-band grouper [4],have longtooth grouper [5], spotted grouper [6], honeycomb (E. merra) sex change been conducted onred several economically important andgrouper accessible [7,8], and blacktip grouper By activation of the brain–pituitary–gonad (BPG) axis, which can be artificially controlled It remains unclear whether age or body size is important for the initial maturity of groupers, since the endocrine mechanisms involved have yet to be elucidated. It is known among fishermen and fish marketers that the body size of mature honeycomb grouper and longtooth grouper differed depending on the habitat. Cellular and molecular studies on these hormones are essential to understand the endocrine regulation during puberty in groupers
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