Endocrine pathologies and pregnancy: features of medical control of patients

Abstract

Metabolic changes constantly occur in the mother and her fetus during pregnancy, and the role of hormones in maintaining normal fetal growth and development cannot be overestimated. The scale of endocrine control necessary to maintain physiological functions during pregnancy is clearly demonstrated by the dramatic changes in the hormonal profile and its fluctuations observed from the prenatal to the postpartum period. Differential sensitivity to fluctuations in placental hormones may also play a role in the development of perinatal mental health disorders. Thus, endocrine homeostasis is important for the successful course of pregnancy and its favorable outcome. It is important to note that pregnancy is a period when a woman’s endocrine system undergoes significant changes and adaptations. Endocrine pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism, can significantly aggravate this process and increase the risk of various complications. The study is necessary to determine the optimal strategies for medical monitoring and treatment of pregnant women with endocrine disorders. This includes choosing the most appropriate methods for controlling hormone levels, monitoring blood glucose, and ensuring proper medication correction. This article discusses endocrinopathies that occur during pregnancy. Special attention is paid to pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), glucose metabolism disorders and methods of screening for GDM. Thyroid diseases associated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels are also discussed, as well as the effect of these conditions on the euthyroid status.