Endocrine Effects of Valproate in Adolescent Girls with Epilepsy

Abstract

To investigate the effect of epilepsy and/or valproate (VPA) monotherapy on physical growth, weight gain, pubertal development, and hormonal status in adolescent girls with epilepsy. The study group included 88 consecutive female patients with epilepsy aged 6-20 years (28 premenarche, 60 postmenarche) attending an endocrinology institute of a major tertiary center. Forty-five patients were under treatment with VPA, and 43 were before treatment initiation. The groups were compared for the relevant biochemical, anthropometric, ultrasonographic, and endocrine parameters. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the parameters studied between the groups, as a whole or by menarche status. The treated postmenarcheal subgroup had a higher mean testosterone level than the untreated postmenarcheal controls (1.83 +/- 0.65 vs. 0.88 +/- 0.24, p=0.006). Body mass index--standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) was 0.75 in the treated group and 0.63 in the untreated group; rates of obesity were 16.3% and 15.5%, respectively. No between-group differences were found in menses irregularities, hirsutism, or acne. No correlation was found between duration or dosage of treatment and BMI-SDS, height-SDS, or androgen level. The treated group had higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and lower levels of free thyroxine than did the untreated group, although still within normal range. Long-term treatment with VPA in girls with epilepsy is associated with increased testosterone levels after menarche, without clinical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary syndrome, or an increase in BMI-SDS. VPA is a good treatment option in this age group but should be accompanied by careful endocrine observation.