Abstract
Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), total catecholamines and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) were determined for two groups of squirrel monkeys. One group had been colonized for four years and the other group had lived in isolation for three years. Compared to the isolated animals, the colonized monkeys showed elevated 17-OHCS but unchanged catecholamine and 17-KS levels. In the colonized group the dominant animals had the highest 17-OHCS levels and the lowest catecholamine levels, while the subordinate animals showed lower 17-OHCS levels and elevated catecholamine levels. 17-KS levels were related to dominance rank by a J-shaped function. The data are interpreted as showing that high levels of adrenocortical output are necessary for the maintenance of the group of behaviors that result in a high position in the dominance order. It is suggested that the results of this study on primates were contrary to the results of most studies on rodentia because these orders use different behavioral methods to determine dominance relationships.
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