Abstract
The steroid hormones are of either ovarian or adrenal origin and usually are divided into estrogens, progestins, androgens, and corticosteroids. All steroid hormones share a common structural nucleus which consists of a four-ring structure known as cyclopentanoperhydrophenan-threne. It consists of three rings of six carbon atoms each (phenanthrene) and one ring of five carbon atoms (cyclopentane) (Fig. 30). Compounds derived from this basic structure are known as steroids. If one or more oxo groups are present, the compound is called a steroid. The rings are designated by letters (A to D) and the carbon atoms are numbered 1 to 17 (C1-C17). The estrogens contain a C18 methyl group attached at C13. Androgens and pregnane derivatives (gestagens and corticosteroids) contain a C19 methyl group attached at C10. If a side chain is present at C17, the carbon atoms are numbered C20-C27 (Fig. 31).
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