Abstract
In recent years, there have been many reports citing a worldwide decrease in sperm counts. This subject, however, remains controversial since many other reports have shown no changes in sperm counts. In this article, the evidence suggesting both a decline or no decline in sperm counts is critically reviewed. Additionally, some of the etiologies and mechanisms potentially involved in affecting spermatogenesis are discussed. These include a reappraisal of endocrine disrupters and the recent discoveries of genetic causes of reproductive endocrinopathies.
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