Endocarditis in a Community Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background Endocarditis is a life-threatening condition with protean manifestations. The clinical syndrome continues to evolve with an aging population, the opioid epidemic, and changing microbiological profiles. Much of the clinical data for endocarditis comes from tertiary care centers with on-site cardiac surgery. Previous community cohorts do not reflect the current patient populations or current microbiology and predate the current opioid epidemic. We retrospectively reviewed the baseline clinical characteristics, microbiologic spectrum, surgical indication, tertiary referral, and outcomes for patients presenting to a community hospital with infective endocarditis (IE). Methods We retrospectively reviewed all adult medical patient admitted over a 5-year period with a clinical diagnosis of IE, from February 2016 to September 2021, to a single suburban safety net community hospital without on-site cardiac surgery. Results We identified 99 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IE. We observed a bimodal age distribution, with more comorbidities and predisposing cardiac conditions in the older patients and more intravenous drug use in the younger patients. Surgical indications were present in 44% of patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. Overall survival was associated with fewer comorbidities and the absence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection. There was no difference in survival between patients with and without surgical indications. Conclusions IE continues to primarily affect older patients with comorbidities and results in a high 1-year mortality of 33%. A simple score including age, Charlson comorbidity index of 6.5, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection was predictive for in-patient, 30-day, and 1-year mortality.