Abstract
Hypericum L. is the genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus comprises almost 500 species of small shrubs and herbs, which has a worldwide distribution, with representatives in nearly every continent, being only absent from the poles, deserts and low-altitude tropical areas. Nowadays the largest diversity in the genus is found in the Eurasia and North America, but it is also abundant in high-altitude tropical areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Species of Hypericum do not grow the habitats that are extremely hot, cold or dry. Species of this genus grow on damp soils, meadows, swamps and even just in small water, at the region of lakes and the rivers (Hypericum eloides L.). Species meet in the foothill sand high lands, coming in to the Alpine belt.
Highlights
The first genetic description of Hypericum was given by Tournefort (1700)
Plant species of the genus Hypericum are well known for their use in traditional medicine due to the therapeutic efficacy of its many different species
For example H. perforatum L. have been used in traditional medicine based on the pharmacological properties of their active compounds such as hypericine and pseudohypericine, which are used as pain killers, antidepressants, anticancer treatments
Summary
The first genetic description of Hypericum was given by Tournefort (1700). Linnaeus (1737) in his “Genera Plantarium” recognized the two genera Hypericum (5 petals, numerous stamens) and Ascyrum (4 petals, numerous stamens). The species of the genus Hypericum can be recognized by their opposite exstipulate entire or gland-fringed leaves, the presence of glandular secretions, and yellow bisexual flowers with petal sand sepals five in number and several stamens in 3 or 5 fascicles, ovary superior, with connate carpels, 3-5 l ocular with free 3 style sand the presence of pale and sometimes reddish to black glandular secretions. At the same time the forests of Azerbaijan feel the impact of the global climate change with an increase of forest fires during the summer For this reason the territory of endemic species has to be protected. Two of them are endemic species for Azerbaijan- H. apricum (syn: H. karjagini) and H. theodorii.
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