Abstract
Nonsway columns with initial crookedness and residual stresses, and partially restrained by linear, elastic‐plastic, or nonlinear end restraints are studied in the inelastic range. An algorithm based on an iterative tangent stiffness approach coupled with a finite‐difference equilibrium method is developed relative to the minor axis of the column cross section. The effect of end restraint on the response of imperfect columns is explained. The influence of imperfections on the behavior of partially restrained columns is identified by means of stiffness degradation curves. Finally, new design expressions are proposed for evaluating steel column strength which make use of a “plastic effective length factor” and the use of the proposed procedure illustrated by means of a design example.
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